"Nobody wants to offend, but everybody wants to do good scene work. You can’t have it both ways.”

In this article, I present a typology and model for incorporating powerful, effective antagonists in group improvisation. A good antagonist is "active, one-dimensional, emotionally loaded and connected to their positive intention in relation to the protagonist". I also present specific Playback Theater short and medium forms that accentuate the effect of the antagnoist.

Romanelli, A. (2017). The Antagonist Force In Playback Theatre Finding The Courage and Positive Intention Within The Shadow. IPTN journal.